This document supports Parties to the Stockholm Convention by offering practical guidance for identifying persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in materials, products, articles and wastes. It draws on national submissions, Secretariat and POPRC reports, and public literature to showcase effective tools and practices, while also outlining the technical, practical, and economic barriers that remain. The findings aim to inform future guidance by the POPs Review Committee, with a focus on methodologies, challenges and capacity needs.